Bunion

A bunion (hallux valgus) is a bony bump at the base of the big toe that forms as the big toe gradually angles toward the smaller toes. Bunions tend to run in families, and tight or narrow shoes can make symptoms worse.

• A bump on the inner edge of the foot at the base of the big toe
• Pain, redness, or swelling over the bump, especially in shoes
• A big toe that angles toward or overlaps the second toe
• Calluses or corns where the toes rub
• Pain or stiffness in the big toe joint

Diagnosis is based on an examination and standing X-rays, which show the alignment of the bones.

Non-operative treatment aims to relieve pain rather than straighten the toe: wider shoes with a roomy toe box, bunion pads or spacers, orthotics, and anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate.

Surgery may be recommended when pain persists and interferes with walking or daily activities despite these measures. Bunion surgery realigns the bones of the big toe, and the specific procedure depends on the severity of the deformity. Recovery typically includes a period of protected walking in a surgical shoe or boot. Surgery is generally not recommended for appearance alone.