Knee arthritis

Knee arthritis is the gradual loss of the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the knee joint. Osteoarthritis, the most common form, develops over years; inflammatory arthritis and earlier knee injuries can also cause it.

• Pain with walking, stairs, or standing up from a chair
• Stiffness after rest
• Swelling
• A grinding or creaking feeling with movement
• A knee that buckles or feels weak
• Gradual loss of motion or a change in leg alignment

Diagnosis is based on symptoms, an examination, and standing X-rays of the knee.

Non-operative treatment includes physical therapy and strengthening exercises, low-impact activity such as cycling or swimming, weight management when appropriate, a brace or walking aid, pain-relieving medications when appropriate, and joint injections for some patients.

When arthritis pain limits daily life despite these measures, knee replacement may be recommended. In a total knee replacement the worn surfaces are replaced with implants; when arthritis is limited to one part of the knee, a partial knee replacement may be an option. Your surgeon will discuss the benefits, risks, and the rehabilitation that follows.